BIBLIOGRAPHY AND LIST OF ISOETES SPECIES WITH COMPLETE SYNONYMY,

INCLUDING FOSSILS

by Michel Desfayes

Updated January 2008

 

 

Abraham, A. & C.A. Ninan, 1958. Cytology of Isoetes. Current Sci. 27: 60-61.

Allen, B.M. 1975. A note on the distribution of Isoetes in the Cadiz Province, Spain. Fern Gaz. (U.K.) 11(2-3): 163-164.


Allorge, P. 1932. L'Isoetes lacustris L. dans la Chaîne Cantabrique. Cavanillesia 5: 28-30.

Allorge, V. & P. Allorge, 1941. Plantes rares ou intéressantes du nw de l'Espagne. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 88: 226-254.

Alonso, Paz, E. 1989. Notas sobre plantas nuevas o interesantes para la flora Uruguaya: 1. Comun. Bot. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo 5 (91): 1-4. - Isoetes pp. 2-3

Alston, A.H.G. 1945. A new species of Isoëtes from New Guinea. Botanical results of the Richard Archbold expeditions. J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 180.

Alston, A.H.G. 1956. New African ferns. Bol. Soc. Broter. Ser. 2, 30: 5-27.

Alston, A.H.G. 1982. Isoetaceae: 1. In C.G.G.J. van Steenis & R.E. Holtum, eds. Flora Malesiana, series 2. Pteridophytes, volume 1: 62-64. The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr. W. Junk Publ. 62-64. - illus., chrom. nos., key.

Amigo, J.-J. 1996. Flore et végétation de la partie orientale des Pyrénées. Ptéridophytes, Isoétacées. Naturalia Ruscinonensia, Revue de la Soc. d'Histoire naturelle de Perpignan et des Pyrénées-Orientales, sér. Générale, sect. Botanique, fasc. 6: 1-52.

Amstutz, E., 1957. Stylites, a new genus of Isoetaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 44: 121-123.

Andreis, C. & G. Rodondi, 1986, publ. 1987. Alcune stazioni di Isoetes echinospora Dur. nel Bresciano e osservazioni al SEM delle spore delle Isoetes della flora Italica. Natura Bresciana No. 23: 119-130. - illus., maps.

Anthony, N.C., & E.A., 1982. New species and new combinations in African Pteridophyta and Orchidaceae. Contr. Bolus Herb. 10: 143-164.

Anthony, N.C & E.A. Schelpe, 1985. Two new taxa and a new combination in southern African Pteridophyta. Bothalia, 15 (3/4): 554-555 - 1 sp. nov.; 1 var. nov.; 1 comb. et stat. nov.

Arreguin-Sánchez, M., 1986. Nuevos registros y taxa interesantes de pteridofitas del Valle de Mexico (Isoetaceae, Psilotaceae y Selaginellaceae). Phytologia 59(7): 451-453.

Ash, S. & K.B. Pigg, 1991. A new Jurassic Isoetites (Isoetales) from the Wallowa Terrane in Hells Canyon Oregon and Idaho. Amer. J. Bot. 78 (12): 1636-1642.

Aulio, K., 1985. Biomass and chlorophyll contents of Isoetes lacustris as related to water depth in the Lake Pyhäjärvi, SW Finland. Aqua Fennica 15:127-131.

Badré, F. & R. Deschatres, 1979. Les Ptéridophytes de la France, liste commentée des espèces (taxinomie, cytologie, écologie et répartition générale). Candeollea 34: 379-457 (Isoetes p. 427-430).

Bajpai, U. & H.K. Maheshwari, 1984, publ. 1985. SEM studies on the megaspores of Isoetes coromandelina. Phytomorphology, 34(1-4): 226-231. - illus.

Badjpai, A.K., R. Goswami & H.K. Goswami, 2004. Isoetes V: genomic reshuffle [A]: DNA sequences. Bionature 24(1), 25-32.

Baker, J.G. 1880. A synopsis of the species of Isoetes. J. Bot. 18: 65-70, 105-109.

Baldwin, W.K.W. 1933. The organization of the young sporophyte of Isoetes engelmanni, A. Br. Trans. roy. Soc. Canada, ser. 3, sec. V, 27: 11-30.

Barale. G., F. Thévenard, M. Philippe & M. Zarbout, 1998. A new species of the genus Isoetites Münster from the Early Cretaceous of South Tunisia. 5th European Palaeobotanical Palynological Conference Cracow, Abstract p. 11.

Barale, G., 1999. Sur la présence d'une nouvelle espèce d'Isoetites dans la flore du Crétacé inférieur de la région de Tataouine (Sud-Tunisien): implications paléoclimatiques et phylogénétiques. Can. Journ. Bot. 77, 2: 189-196. (I. daharensis nov. sp.)

Baskin, J.M. & C.C. Baskin, 1978. Geographical distribution of Isoetes butleri in the southeastern United States. Amer. Fern J. 68(1): 7-8. - Map.

Bateman, R.M. 1992. Morphogenetic reconstruction, palaeoecology, and phylogeny of Oxroadia gracilis Alvin emend., and O. conferta sp. nov.: anatomically preserved lycopods from Oxroad Bay, SE Scotland. Palaeontographica, vol. 228: 29.

Benl, G. 1988. The Pteridophyta of Bioko (Fernando Po) (Contributions to a flora of the island). 4: Isoetaceae, Pteridaceae, Acrostichaceae, Dennstaedtiaceae, Hypolepidaceae, Athyriaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Blechnaceae. Acta Bot. Barcin. 38: 3-69.

Bennert, H.W., A. Giers, A. Guldenpenning, A. Herbik & A. Katheder, 1992. Some new observations on the fern flora of the Azores. Fern Gaz. 14: 146-148.

Beri, A. & E. Alonso, 1987. Sobre la presencia del género Isoetes en el Uruguay. Resúmenes de las II Jornadas Uruguayas de Botánica. Depto. de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo.

Berkutenko, A.N. & N.A. Sazanova, 1992. O nakhodke Isoetes maritima (Isoetaceae) v Magadanskoi oblasti. [On the finding of Isoetes maritima (Isoetaceae) in the Magadan region.] Bot. Zhurn. 77(7): 115-117.

Berthet, P. & M. Lecocq, 1977. Morphologie sporale des espèces françaises du genre Isoetes L. Pollen, Spores 19, No. 3: 329 - 359. - illus.

Berthet, P. & R. Pépin, 1984. Isoetes brochonii Motelay est une bonne espèce. Bull. Soc. Bot. France Lett. Bot., 131(2): 139-145. - illus. (but see Prelli & Bock, 1989).

Bhambie, S. 1957. Studies in pteridophytes. I. The shoot apex of Isoetes coromandelina L. J. Indian bot. Soc. 36: 491-502.

Bhambie, S. 1962a. Morphological and anatomical studies in Isoetes and other related genera. Agra Univ. J. Res. Sci. 11(2): 233-6. [Biol. Abstr. 43 (1963) No. 24862.]

Bhambie, S. 1962b. Studies in pteridophytes. II. A contribution to the anatomy of the axis of Isoetes coromandelina L. and some other species. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 56: 56-76.

Bhambie, S. 1963a. Studies in pteridophytes. III. On the structure and development of the leaf and sporophyll of Isoetes coromandelina. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India 29B: 169-90.

Bhambie, S. 1963b. The development, structure and organization of root in Isoetes coromandelina L. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 58B: 153-64. [Biol. Abstr. 45 (1964), No. 56811.]

Bhambie, S. 1971. Studies in pteridophytes. VIII. An appraisal of the nature of the rhizomorph in Isoetes. J. Indian bot. Soc. 50(1): 56-62.

Bhardwaja, N. & C.B. Gena, 1992 Cytological studies of Rajasthan species of Isoetes L. In Bhardwaja T.N., Gena C.B., eds. Perspectives in pteridology: present and future (Professor S.S. Bir commemoration volume). Part 2. New Delhi: Today and Tomorrow's, 1992 pp.495-499 - series (Aspects of plant sciences; v.14) ISBN 817019413X. Chromosome numbers.

Bhardwaja, T.N. 1984. Three new species of genus Isoetes L. from Rajasthan, India. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 81 (1): 165-168 (illus., key).

Bhu, I. & H.K. Goswami, 1990. A new line of chromosomal evolution in Isoetes. Bionature 10(1-2): 45-53.

Blanca, León &  Kenneth R. Young, 1996. Aquatic plants of Peru: diversity, distribution and conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation 5 (10): 1169-1190.

Bociag, K. 1999. New sites for Isoetes echinospora (Isoetaceae) in the Pomeranian lakes (NW Poland). Fragm. Flor. Geobot. 44 (2): 423-427.

Bock, W. 1962. A study on fossil Isoetes. J. Paleontol. 36: 53-59.

Bohra, D.R., B.D. Sharma & R. Singh, 1980. Isoetes in Rajasthan: a study of spores. In Nair, P.K.K., Nagaraj, M., Agashe, S.N., eds. Advances in pollen-spore research: volumes 5-7. New Delhi, Today and Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers.

Boivin, Bernard, 1961. Isoëtes echinospora Durieu in North America. Amer. Fern. J. 51 (2): 83-85.

Bolin, J.F., R.D. Bray, M. Keskin, L.J. Musselman, 2008. The Genus Isoetes L. (Isoetaceae, Lycopyta) in south-western Asia. Turkish J. Bot. 32: 447-457. (I. olympica, I. anatolica, I. duriei, I. subinermis, I. histrix

Boom, B.M. 1979. Spore ornamentation as a useful character in delimiting Isoetes taxa in the southeastern United States. A.S.B.Bull. 26 (2): 75 - key.Boom, B.M., 1980. Instersectional hybrids in Isoetes. Amer. Fern J. 70: 1-4.


Boom, B.M. 1982. Synopsis of Isoetes in the south eastern United States. Castanea, 47 (1): 38-59 - maps, key.

Boom, B.M. & A.M. Evans, 1979. Isoetes butleri in Georgia. Amer. Fern J. 69 (2): 62.

Bory de Saint-Vincent, J.-B., 1844. Sur les Isoëtes et les espèces nouvelles de cette famille découvertes in Algérie. Compte-rendu séances Acad. Sc., Paris 18(26): 1163-1168.

Bosc, L.A.G., 1803. Isoète, Isoëtes. Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. 12: 169.

Bose, M.N. & S.K. Roy, 1964. Studies on the upper Gondwana of Kutch - 2. Isoetaceae. Paleobotanist 12: 226-227.

Boston, H.L. & M.S. Adams, 1987. Productivity, growth and photosynthesis of two small `Isoetid' plants, Littorella uniflora and Isoetes macrospora. Journal of Ecology, 75 (2): 333-350.

Boston, H.L., M.S. Adams & T.P. Pienkowski, 1987. Models of the use of root-zone CO2 by selected North American isoetids. Annals of Botany 60: 495-503.

Boutin, C., L. Lesne & A. Thiéry, 1982. Ecologie et typologie de quelquesmares temporaires à isoètes d’une région aride du Maroc occidental. Ecol. Medit. 8: 31–56.  

Braun, A.C.H. 1862a. Anhang über einige auslandische Arten der Gattung Isoetes. Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 3: 326-333.

Braun, A.C.H. 1862b. Zwei deutsche Isoetes-Arten nebst Winken zur Aufsuchung derselben. Verh. bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 3-4: 299-333.

Braun, A.C.H. 1864a. Bemerkungen über die Isoetes-Arten der Insel Sardinien. Monatsber. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1863: 554-624.

Braun, A.C.H. 1864b. Les espèces d'Isoetes de l'île de Sardaigne. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. V, vol. 2: 306-377. [p. 306-351: discusses the morphology of the following taxa: adspersa, boryana, brachyglossa, capsularis, coromandelina, duriaei, dubia, echinospora, engelmannii, gardneriana, gymnocarpa, histrix, japonica, karstenii, lacustris, lechleri, longissima, malinverniana, riparia, "regulensis" [= tegulensis], setacea, tenuissima, tripus, velata].

Braun, A.C.H. 1868. Über die australischen Arten der Gattung Isoetes. Monatsber. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1868: 523-545.

Brautigam, S., C. Li, A. Mudry, G. Miller & E. Prebil, 2001. An analysis of the evolution of the vascular cryptogams, Lycopodophyta, Sphenophyta, and the Pteridophyta, through examination of extinct and extant genera. J. Syst. Biology, Susquehanna University Vol. 8, Number 4.

Briquet, J., 1910. Prodrome de la flore corse. Georg et Cie., Genève, Bâle, Lyon.

Britton, D.M. 1991a. A hybrid Isoetes, I. x harveyi, in northeastern North America. Canad. J. Bot. 69(3): 634-640 (1991) - illus., map.

Britton, D.M., 1991b. Engelmann's quillwort, Isoetes engelmannii, an addition to the  aquatic flora of Canada. Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club.

Britton, D.M. 1993 Isoetes reticulata R.S. Hill 1987 (Alcheringa 12:158) is an illegitimate name. Amer. Fern J. 83(4): 128

Britton, D.M. & D.F. Brunton, 1989. A new Isoetes hybrid (Isoetes echinospora x riparia) for Canada. Canad. J. Bot. 67 (10): 2995-3002. - illus., maps.

Britton, D.M. & D.F. Brunton, 1991. The spores and affinities of Isoetes taiwanensis (Isoetaceae: Pteridophyta). Fern Gaz. (UK) 14(2): 73-83 - illus., chromosome numbers, reproductive biology.

Britton, D.M. & D.F. Brunton, 1992. Isoetes x jeffreyi, hybr. nov., a new Isoetes (Isoetes macrospora x Isoetes riparia) from Quebec, Canada. Canad. J. Bot. 70(3): 447-452.

Britton, D.M. & D.F. Brunton, 1993. Isoetes x truncata: a newly considered pentaploid hybrid from western North America. Canad. J. Bot. 71(8): 1016-1025 - illus.

Britton, D.M. & D.F. Brunton, 1995. Isoetes x marensis, a new interspecific hybrid from western Canada. Canad. J. Bot. 73(9): 1345-1353 - illus.

Britton, D.M. & D.F. Brunton, 1996a. Isoetes x pseudotruncata, a new triploid hybrid from western Canada and Alaska. Canad. J. Bot. 74(1): 51-59 - illus.

Britton, D.M. & D.F. Brunton, 1996b. Spore morphology and cytology of Isoetes azorica (Pteridophyta Isoetaceae) and its affinity with North America. Fern Gaz. (UK) 15(4): 113-118 - illus. chromosome numbers, anatomy and morphology, palynology, reproductive biology.

Britton, D.M. & D.F. Brunton, 1996c. Isoetes x pseudotruncata, a new triploid hybrid from western Canada. Canad. J. Bot. 74: 51-59.

Britton, D.M. & J.P. Goltz, 1991. Isoetes prototypus, a new diploid species from eastern Canada. Canad. J. Bot. 69(2): 277-281 - illus., maps, chromosome numbers, keys.

Britton, D.M., D.F. Brunton & S.S. Talbot, 1999. Isoetes in Alaska and the Aleutians. Amer. Fern J. 89(2): 133-141 - illus., maps, chromosome numbers, natomy and morphology, palynology, keys

Brooks, J.H. & R.S. Maples, 1971. A recent find of Isoetes in Louisiana. Amer. Fern J. 61(4): 186.

Brouwera E., R. Bobbink & J.G.M. Roelofs, 2002. Restoration of aquatic macrophyte vegetation in acidified and eutrophied softwater lakes: an overview. Aquatic Botany 73 (4):t, Pages 405-431

Brown, L.E. & R.D. Thomas, 1992. Isoetes engelmanii (Isoetaceae) and Juncus trigonocarpus (Juncaceae) new to Arkansas. Sida 15(1): 162.

Brown, R.C. & B.E. Lemmon, 1984. Plastid apportionment and preprophase microtubule bands in monoplastidic root meristem cells of Isoetes and Selaginella. Protoplasma 123: 95-103.

Brown, R.W. 1939. Some American fossil plants belonging to the Isoetales. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 29: 261-269.

Brown, R.W. 1958. New occurrences of the fossil quillworts called Isoetites. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 48: 358-361.

Bruchmann, H. 1874. Wurzeln von Isoetes und Lycopodium. Jenaische Seitschr. Naturwiss. 8: 522.

Brunton, D.F & D.M. Britton, 1991a. Isoetes x hickeyi (Isoetaceae: Pteridophyta) in Canada. Fern Gaz. (UK) 14(1): 17-23 - illus.

Brunton, D.F. & D.M. Britton, 1991b. Isoetes x hickeyi in Canada and the Aleutians. Amer. Fern J. 89(2): 133-141.

Brunton, D.F. & D.M. Britton, 1993. Isoetes prototypus (Isoetaceae) in the United States. Rhodora 95(882): 122-128 - illus.

Brunton, D.F. & D.M. Britton, 1996a. The status, distribution, and identification of Georgia quillwort (Isoetes georgiana: Isoetaceae). Amer. Fern J. 86(4): 105-113 - illus.

Brunton, D.F. & D.M. Britton, 1996b. Taxonomy and distribution of Isoetes valida. Amer. Fern J. 86(1): 16-25 - illus., maps, chromosome numbers.

Brunton, D.F. & D.M. Britton, 1997. Appalachian quillwort (Isoetes appalachiana, sp. nov.; Isoetaceae), a new pteridophyte from the eastern United States. Rhodora 99: 118-133 - illus.

Brunton, D.F. & D.M. Britton, 1998. Isoetes microvela (Isoetaceae), a new quillwort from the coastal plain of the southeastern United States. Rhodora 100: 261-275 - illus. maps, chromosome numbers, anatomy and morphology, palynology, keys.

Brunton, D.F. & D.M. Britton, 1999a. Isoetes x echtuckerii. Maritime quillwort, Isoetes maritima (Isoetaceae), in the Yukon Territory. Canad. Field-Nat. 113(4): 641-645. - maps, chromosome numbers, anatomy and morphology, palynology, reproductive biology.

Brunton, D.F. & D.M. Britton, 1999b. Rush quillwort (Isoetes junciformis, sp. nov.), a new pteridophyte from southern Georgia. Amer. Fern J. 89(3): 187-197. - illus. chromosome numbers, anatomy and morphology.

Brunton, D.F. & D.M. Britton, 2006. Isoetes melanopoda subsp. silvatica (subsp. nov.), a new quillwort (Isoetaceae) from eastern North America. Castanea 71: 15-30.

Brunton, D.F. & D.M. Britton, Taylor, W.C. 1994. Isoetes hyemalis, sp. nov. Isoetaceae: a new quillwort from the southeastern United States. Castanea 59(1): 12-21 - illus. maps, chromosome numbers, anatomy and morphology, palynology

Brunton, D.F. & W.C. Taylor, 1990. Isoetes x brittonii hyb. nov. (Isoetaceae): a naturally occurring hybrid (I. engelmannii x I. riparia) in the eastern United States. Amer. Fern J. 80(3): 82-89 - illus., map.

Brunton, D.F., D.M. Britton & T.F. Wieboldt, 1996. Taxonomy, identity, and status of Isoetes virginica (Isoetaceae). Castanea 61 (2): 145-160 - illus.

Budke, J.M., R.J. Hickey, & K.D. Heafner, 2005. Analysis of morphological and anatomical characteristics of Isoetes using Isoetes tennesseensis. Brittonia 57 (2): 167-182.

Burbanck, M.P. & R.B. Platt, 1964. Granite outcrop communities of the Piedmont Plateau in Georgia. Ecology 45: 292-306.

Burrows, John, E. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies. Frandsen Publishers Sandton.

Campbell, D.H. 1891. Contributions to the life history of Isoetes. Ann. Bot. 5: 231-256.

Camus, J.M. et al., 1988. Hybridization and speciation in north temperate Isoetes. BSBI News no.49: 41-42.

Caplen, C.A. & C.R. Werth, 2000a. Isozymes of the Isoetes riparia complex, 1. Genetic variation and relatedness of diploid species. Syst. Bot. 25 (2): 235-259. 2. Ancestry and relationships of polyploids. Syst. Bot. 25 (2): 260-280 - illus.

Carroll, N. & R.D. Thomas, 1981. Isoetes melanopoda in Sabine Parish, Louisiana. Phytologia 48 (3): 274 - 275.

Carvalho e Vasconcellos, J. de, 1968. Pteridófitas de Portugal continental e ilhas adjacentes. Fundação Calouste, Gulbekian, Lisboa, pp. 1-190.

Casper, S.J. & H.-D. Krausch, 1980. Pteridophyta und Anthophyta. In Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. H. Ettl, J. Gerloff & H.Heynig, eds., Bd. 23, Teil 1.

Cavot, A., E. & Y. Lemoigne, 1978. La ligule chez les ptéridophytes fossiles et actuelles. Bull. mens. Soc. linn. Lyon 47, 506-16: 581-94.

Cesca, G. & L. Peruzzi, 2001. Isoetes (Lycophytina, Isoetaceae) with terrestrial habitat in Calabria (Italy). New karyological and taxonomical data. Flora Medit. 11: 303-309 - illus.

Ceska, Adolf & Oldriska, 2001. Isoetes minima A.A. Eaton, an overlooked terrestrial quillwort of the pacific northwest. Bot. Electronic News No. 269.

Chang, H.J. & K.S. Hsu, 1977. (Isoetes taiwanensis De Vol) Quart. J. Chinese Forest. 10 (2): 138 - 142 - illus., map.

CHEN Jin-Ming; Jing-Yuan WANG Jing-Yuan; Liu XING; Yan-Wen ZHANG;  Qing-Feng WANG, 2004. RAPD analysis for genetic diversity of Isoetes sinensis. Biodiversity Science 12 (3): 348-353.

CHEN Jin-Ming; Liu XING; Jing-Yuang WANG ; Robert Gituru WAHITI & Qing-Feng WANG, 2006. Genetic variation within the endangered quillwort Isoëtes hypsophila (Isoetaceae) in China as evidenced by ISSR analysis. Aquatic Botany 82: 89-98.

Chen, Y.Y., Q.G. Ye & H.W. Huang, 2003. Preliminary study on allozyme analysis for Isoetes sinensis Palmer. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research 21:91-94.(in Chinese with English abstract)

Chen, Y.Y.; Q.G. Ye; Z.Z. Li & H.W. Huang, 2004. Genetic structure of Xiuning population of Isoetes sinensis, a critically endangered species in China. Biodiversity Science 12: 564-571.(in Chinese with English abstract)

Chevalier, A. & P. Monnier, 1946. Une espèce d'Isoetes de l'Afrique Occidentale française. Bull. Mus. nation. Hist. nat., Paris, ser 2, 18, 91-97.

Chiang, S.H.T. 1976. The growth cycle of cambium and the structure of the vascular tissue in the corm of Isoetes taiwanensis. Taiwania 21 (1): 14 - 26 - illus.

Chinnock, R.J. 1993. Notes on Isoetes and Tmesipteris in Victoria. Muelleria 8 (1): 57-60 - illus., keys 2 spp. nov.; 1 subsp. nov.

Chung, YH. & H.K. Choi, 1986. (Isoetes coreana, a new species from Korea.) Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 16 (1): 1-12. (illus., anatomy and morphology).

Cieraad, E. & De Lee, 2006. The New Zealand fossil record of ferns for the past 85 million years. New Zealand Journal of Botany 44: 143–170.

Clute, W. N. 1905. The fern allies of North America north of Mexico. Frederick A. Stockes Co., publ.

Cody, W.J. & D.M. Britton, 1989. Ferns and fern allies of Canada. Publication 1829/E, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa.

Cook, C.D.K. 2004. Aquatic and wetland plants of southern Africa. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Cox, Paul Alan & R. James Hickey, 1984. Convergent megaspore evolution and Isoetes.  The American Naturalist, 124 (3): 437-441.

Croft, J.R. 1985. Ferns and Fern Allies, in Leach, G.J. & Osborne, P.L. 1985. Freshwater Plants of Papua New Guinea. 33 - 74, f. 6 - 13, pl. 5 - 7.

Croft, J.R., 1980. A taxonomic revision of Isoetes L. in Papuasia. Blumea 26: 177-190, f. 1, pl. 1 -21.Illustr., map, key.

Dansereau, P. 1961. Etudes macronésiennes. I. Géographie des cryptogames vasculaires. Agronomia Lusitana 25: 152-181.

Darshan, D. & G.I. Srivastava, 1962. The genus Isoetes in India. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India, vol. 28, part B: 242-280 (with key to species).

De Camp J.D, D.A. Stetler, A.E. DeMaggio, 1994. Expression of sporophytic Storage proteins in the corm of the quillwort (Isoetes echinospora Dur.). Plant Physiol. 106 (4):1395-1402.

Delile, A.R. 1827. Examen de la végétation de l'Isoetes setacea, et exposition de ses caractères. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 14: 100-119.

DeMason, D.A, 1983. The primary thickening meristem: definition and function in monocotyledons. Amer. J. Bot. 70: 955-62.

Dennis, W.M., A.M. Evans & B.E. Wofford, 1979. Disjunct populations of Isoetes macrospora in Southeastern Tennessee. Amer. Fern J. 69 (4): 97 - 99 (1979).

Depoux, M. & A. Pitot, 1965. Etude anatomique de la région ligulaire de la feuille fertile chez Isoetes melanotheca Alston et Isoetes pitotii Alston. Bull. Inst. fr. Afr. noire 27A: 514-50.

Depoux, M. & A. Pitot, 1965. Isoetes pitotii. Bull. Inst. fr. Afr. noire, A, 27: 1-33.

Desvaux, N. A., 1827. Prodrome de la famille des fougères. Ann. Soc. linn., Paris, Mém. 6 (2): 171-212, 6 (3): 213-336.

DeVol, C.E. 1972a. Isoetes found on Taiwan. Taiwania 17 (1): 1-7.

DeVol, C.E. 1972b. A correction for Isoetes taiwanensis DeVol. Taiwania 17 (3): 304-305.

DeVol, C.E. 1975. Flora of Taiwan. (Isoetaceae, I. taiwanensis, ill.)

Dhien, R. 1963. Répartition géographique des Isoetes de la France. Bull. mensuel Soc. Linnéenne Lyon 32: 223-229.

DiMichele, W.A. & R.M. Bateman, 1996, publ. 1997. The rhizomorphic lycopsids: a case-study in paleobotanical classification. Syst. Bot. 21 (4): 535-552. (refers to extant Isoetes).

DiMichele, WA & J.E. Skog, 1992. The Lycopsida: a symposium. Ann. Missouri bot. Gard. 79, 447-9.

Dixon, K.W., J. Kuo & J.S. Pate, 1983. Storage reserves of the seed-like, aestivating organs of geophytes inhabiting granite outcrops in south-western Australia. Aust. J. Bot. 31, 85-103. Corms of Isoetes, stem tubers of Phylloglossum, corms of Stylidium and Philydrella. Minerals, starch grains, protein bodies etc. Also seeds of Stylidium and Philydrella for comparison.

Dodge, R. 1897. A new quillwort. Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 23: 32-39.

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Goswami, H.K. 1975a. Chromosome studies in natural populations of Isoetes pantii, with heterosporous sporangia. Cytologia 40 (3-4): 543-551.

Goswami, H.K. 1975b. The morphogenetics of mixed sporangia in Isoetes. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 54 (3-4): 210-218 - Illus., chrom. nos.

Goswami, H.K. 1976. A revision of ligule and labium in Isoetes. (Rozwoj, struktura i funkcje ligula i labium u roznych przedstawicieli rodzaju Isoetes). Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 45 (1 - 2): 69-76 - illus.

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Harms, Vernon L., 1966. Isoetes echinospora var. braunii in interior Alaska.  American Fern Journal 56 (1): 29-32.

Hawes, I., D. Sutherland & D. Hanelt, 2003. The use of pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry to determine fine-scale temporal and spatial variation of in situ photosynthetic activity within an Isoetes-dominated canopy. Aquatic Botany 77 (1): 1-15.

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He, Zican; Hengchang Wang; Jianqiang Li; Qigang Ye & W. Carl Taylor, 2004. Chromosome behavior during meiosis and development of spore mother cells in the Chinese quillwort Isoetes sinensis T. C. Palmer. American Fern Journal, 94 (4): 183-195.

Heafner, K.D. 2002. Noteworthy collections. North Carolina. Castanea 67 (2): 212. Significance. This is the first Isoetes population in North Carolina to conform ecologically, morphologically, and cytogenetically to a published description of I. virginica (sensu Brunton et al. 1996). As such, it is a state record for North Carolina and is the third known extant population of I. virginica in the Southeast. First described by Pfeiffer in 1937, and recircumscribed by Brunton et al. (1996), I. virginica is a tetraploid quillwort of intermittent woodland streams and low, wet wooded areas of the southeastern Mountains and Piedmont.

Heafner, K.D. & R.D. Bray, 2005. Taxonomic reassessment of North American granite outcrop Isoetes Species with emphasis on vegetative morphology and I. piedmontana (Pfeiffer) Reed sensu lato. Castanea, 70 (3): 204-221.

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Henderson, L.F. 1897. A New Isoetes from Idaho. Botanical Gazette 23: 124.

Hickey, R.J. 1981 A new Isoetes from Jamaica. Amer. Fern J. 71 (3): 69 - 74. - illus.

Hickey, R.J. 1984. Chromosome numbers of neotropical Isoetes. Amer. Fern J., 74 (1): 9-13 - illus., chrom. nos.

Hickey, R. J. 1985. Revisionary studies of neotropical Isoetes. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, The University of Connecticut, Storrs.

Hickey, R.J. 1986a. The early evolutionary and morphological diversity of Isoetes, with descriptions of two new Neotropical species. Syst. Bot. 11: 304-321.

Hickey, R.J. 1986b. Isoetes megaspore surface morphology: nomenclature, variation and systematic importance. Amer. Fern J., 76 (1): 1-16. - illus.

Hickey, R.J. 1986c. On the identity of Isoetes triquetra A. Braun. Taxon 35 (2): 243-246. - illus.

Hickey, R.J. 1988. Isoetes pallida, a new species from Mexico. Amer. Fern J. 78 (1): 35-36 - illus.

Hickey, R.J. 1989. A new species of Isoetes from Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76 (4): 1160-1162 - illus. Ill., palynology. Isoetes vermiculata sp. nov.

Hickey, R.J. 1990. Notes on neotropical Isoetes L.: 1. A revision of the subgenus Euphyllum, a new subgenus. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77 (2): 239-245 - illus., map.

Hickey R.J. 1990. Studies of neotropical Isoetes L.: 1. Euphyllum, a new subgenus. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77. (2): 239-245 - illus., map, keys.

Hickey, R.J. 1994a. Isoetaceae. In: Flora of Peru. Fieldiana, New Series 34:88-97.

Hickey, R.J. 1997a. Genus Isoetes in the New World: an overview. Amer. J. Bot. 84 (6), suppl. 162.

Hickey, R.J. 1997b. Isoetes, pp 254-266 - in Tryon, A.F. and R.A. Moran. The ferns and allied plants of New England. Mass. Audubon Soc. Publ., Lincoln, MA.

Hickey, R. J. & A. R. Smith. 1995. Isoëtaceae. 2: 189–190. In: J. A. Steyermark, P. E. Berry & B. K. Holst (eds.), Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Timber Press; Missouri Botanical Garden, Portland; St. Louis.

Hickey, R.J., S.I. Guttman & W.H. Eshbaugh, 1989. Evidence for post-translational modification of triose phosphate isomerase in Isoetes (Isoetaceae). Amer. J. Botany 76: 215- 221.

Hickey, R.J., W.C. Taylor & N.T. Luebke, 1989. The species concept in Pteridophyta with special reference to Isoetes. Amer. Fern J. 79 (2): 78-89 - maps

Hickey, R.J., C. Macluf and W. C. Taylor, 2003. A re-evaluation of Isoetes savatieri Franchet in Argentina and Chile. Amer. Fern J. 93: 126-136.

Hilger, H.H., M. Weigend & W. Frey, 2002. The gametophyte-sporophyte junction in Isoetes boliviensis Weber (Isoetales, Lycopodiophyta). Phyton (Austria) 42 (1): 149-157.

Hill, R.S. 1987. Tertiary Isoetes from Tasmania. Alcheringa 12: 157-162.

Himi, S., R. Sano, T. Nishiyama, T. Tanahashi, M. Kato, K. Ueda & M. Hasebe, 2001. Evolution of MADS-box gene induction by FLO/LFY genes. J. Mol. Evol. 53 (4-5): 387-393.

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Hofstra, D.E. & C.E.C. Gemmill, 1999.  Genetic characterisation of Isoëtes from Lake Omapere.  NIWA Client report (DOC 000229) for Department of Conservation, Northland Conservancy.

Hofstra, D.E., C.E.C. Gemmill & M.D. De Winton, 2006. Preliminary genetic assessment of New Zealand Isoetes and Nitella, using DNA sequencing and RAPDs. Science for Conservation. Science & Technical Publishing, Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand.

Holmer, M., H.S. Jensen, K.K. Christensen, C. Wigand & F.O. Andersen, 1998. Sulfate reduction in lake sediments inhabited by the isoetid macrophytes "Littorella uniflora" and "Isoetes lacustris". Aquatic Botany, 60 (4): 307-324.

Holmes, W.B.K. & S.R. Ash, 1979. Tertiary Isoetes from Tasmania. Alcheringa 12: 157-162.

Holmes, Walter C.,  Ann E. Rushing & Jason R. Singhurst, 2005. Taxonomy and identification of Isoetes (Isoetaceae) in Texas based on megaspore features. Journal of the Plant Resources Center of the University of Texas at Austin, Number 8, December 2005. [Abstract: Scanning electron microscopy examination of Texas specimens of Isoetes revealed differences in megaspore ornamentation patterns of the proximal and distal surfaces that support the recognition of four species of the genus in Texas. These include I. butleri and I. melanopoda, both of widespread occurrence in the central United States, I. lithophila, a central Texas endemic, and I. piedmontana, which we report as new to the state. A key to species based upon megaspore characteristics, distributions, a limited list of exsiccatae, and descriptions and micrographs of megaspores are included.]

HONG, Liu & Qing-Feng WANG, 2003. Aseptic culture of spores in the rare and endangered plant Isoetes sinensis. Tissue culture and rapid propagation of... Plant Physiology Communications 39, No. 5: 219.

HONG, Liu; Qing-Feng WANG & W. Carl Taylor, 2005. Isoetes orientalis (Isoetaceae), a new hexaploid quillwort from China. Novon 15 (1): 164-167.

Hoot, S.B. & W.C. Taylor, 2001. The utility of nuclear ITS, a leafy homolog intron, and chloroplast atpB-rbcL spacer region data in phylogenetic analyses and species delimitation in Isoetes. Amer. Fern J. 91 (3): 166-177.

Hoot, S.B., N.S. Napier & W.C. Taylor. 2004. Revealing unknown or extinct lineages within Isoëtes (Isoëtaceae) using DNA sequences. Am. J. Bot. 91: 899-904.

Hoot, S.B., W.C. Taylor & N.S. Napier. 2006. Phylogeny and biogeography of Isoëtes based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data. Systematic Botany 31: 449-460.

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HUANG, Q.-F., L. XING & W. Carl Taylor, 2002. Isoetes youngiensis, a new basic diploid quillwort from China. Novon 12 (4): 587-591.

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Abstract. Isoetes L. is a pteridophyte which belongs to Isoetaceae. It has various habitats of submersed, amphibious, terrestrial and alpine. It has two type of spores; megaspore and microspore. Isoetes was divided to four sections by the criteria of megaspore by N. E. Pfeiffer (1922). Isoetes japonica A. BR and I. coreana Chung et Choi was reported in South Korea. Both species are submerged or amphibious. I. coreana (Sect. Cristatae) produces megaspore with irregular, branching crested ornaments on surface. The other species I. japonica (Sect. Cristatae) produces megaspore that has evidently reticulate ornaments. So these two species are distinguishable easily. But reconsideration of the fact whether I. japonica exist or not in South Korea has became to be required. Because a interesting Isoetes material was collected from Island Che-ju. This Isoetes differs from other Isoetes species on the base of many morphological characters. To confirm the identity and phylogenetic relationships among Korean Isoetes we compared ITS sequences for three taxa. (Megaspore, ITS, phylogenetic relationship).

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Karrfalt, E.E. & D.A. Eggert, 1977b. The comparative morphology and development of Isoetes L.: 2. Branching of the base of the corm in I. tuckermanii A.Br.and I. nuttallii A.Br. Bot. Gaz. 138 (3): 357-368. - Illus.

Karrfalt, E.E. & D.A. Eggert, 1978. The comparative morphology and development of Isoetes L. III. The sequence of root initiation in three-and-four-lobed plants of I. tuckermanii A. Br. and I. nuttallii A. Br. Bot. Gaz. 139, 271-83.

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Karrfalt, E.E. 1980. A further comparison of Isoetes roots and stigmarian appendages. Canad. J. Bot. 58 (22): 2318 - 2322 - illus.

Karrfalt, E.E. 1982. Secondary development in the cortex of Isoetes. Bot. Gaz., 143 (4): 439-445 - illus.

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Keeley, J.E. and G. Bowes, 1982. Gas exchange characteristics of the submerged aquatic Crassulacean Acid Metabolism plant, Isoetes howellii. Plant Physiology 70:1455-1458.

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Keeley, J.E., R.P. Mathews, and C.M. Walker, 1983. Diurnal acid metabolism in Isoetes howellii from a temporary pool and a permanent lake. American Journal of Botany 70:854-857.

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Kott, L.S. & D.M. Britton, 1983b. Spore morphology and taxonomy of Isoetes in northeastern North America. Canad. J. Bot., 61 (12): 3140-3163 - illus., maps, chrom. nos., key.

Kott, L.S. & D.M. Britton, 1985. Role of morphological characteristics of leaves and the sporangial region in the taxonomy of Isoetes in northeastern NorthAmerica. Amer. Fern J., 75 (2): 44-55 - illus.

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Luebke, N.T. & J.M. Budke,  2003. Isoëtes tennesseensis (Isoëtaceae), an Octoploid Quillwort from Tennessee. American Fern Journal, 93 (4): 184-190. Abstract. Isoëtes tennesseensis, an octoploid species with a chromosome count of 2n=88, is described. It occurs in the Hiwassee River in Tennessee. Past collections of this species have been misidentified as Isoëtes macrospora (= I. lacustris). Isoëtes tennesseensis differs from I. lacustris in chromosome number, megaspore and microspore morphology and distribution. Speculation on the origin of this new species is presented. Also: Luebke, Neil T., W. Carl Taylor & Mary Ann Polasek, Botany 2002.org, Abstracts.

Luebke, N.T., W.Carl Taylor & M.A. Polasek, 2002. An octoploid species of Isoetes from Tennessee.

http://www.botany2002.org/section11/abstracts/1.shtml

In 1978, populations of Isoëtes were discovered in the Little Tennessee and Hiwassee Rivers of southeastern Tennessee. These populations were reported as disjunct populations of I. macrospora Durieu, a decaploid species (2n=110) of boreal eastern North America. Examination of Isoëtes plants recently collected from the Hiwassee River reveals that these specimens are an undescribed species. Chromosome number and megaspore size and texture distinguish the Hiwassee River plants from I. macrospora. Chromosome counts from root tip squashes of Hiwassee specimens are 2n=88, the first octoploid quillwort reported for North America. Megaspores of Hiwassee River plants are large, ranging in size from 615-950 µm in diameter with an average diameter size of 760 µm. They have a bold rugate-reticulate texture and lack a distinctly ornamented girdle beneath the equatorial ridge. In contrast, megaspores of I. macrospora are smaller, ranging in size from 550-750 µm in diameter with an average of 650 µm. They have a thin cristate-reticulate texture and a prominent papillate to smooth girdle. Comparisons of nuclear ribosomal ITS nucleotide sequences indicate that the Hiwassee River specimens are similar to I. engelmannii A. Braun and I. valida (Engelm.) Clute. In the ITS region, I. engelmannii and I. valida differ from each other by eleven nucleotide substitutions and two 1 bp indels. At seven of these ITS nucleotide sites, the Hiwassee River specimens are like I. engelmannii and at the other four sites they are like I. valida. The Hiwassee River plants share one indel with I. engelmannii and the other indel with I. valida. Isoëtes engelmanii and I. valida, both basic diploids (2n=22), and their allotetraploid, I. appalachiana D.F. Brunton & D.M. Britton (2n=44), are sympatric within the area of the Hiwassee River octoploid.

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Macluf, C. Cecilia, Marta A. Morbelli, Gabriela E. Giudice, 2006. Microspore Morphology of Isoetes Species (Lycophyta) from Southern South America. Part I. Bot. Review 72 (2): 121-134. [Microspores of the 24 species of Isoetes that grow in southern South America were analyzed under a light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The microspores are monolete, elliptic in polar view, 30-40 [micro]m long, and 20-25 [micro]m wide. A background with various characteristics is seen on each surface. A supra-laesural expansion is present. The perispore is ornamented and has a perforated background...]. Part II. TEM analysis of some selected types Bot. Review 72 (2): 135-152 [The microspores of Isoetes escondidensis, I. gardneriana, I. herzogii, I. pedersenii, and I. savatieri were analyzed with transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The selected species were found to be representative of the diversity found in 24 taxa previously studied that grow in southern South America. The sporoderm is similar in the five types and is composed, from the outside to the inside, of perispore, ...]

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Prada C. & C.H. Rolleri, 2005. A new species of Isoetes (Isoetaceae) from Turkey, with a study of microphyll intercellular pectic protuberances and their potential taxonomic value. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 147  (2): 213- 228. Abstract. Isoetes anatolica sp. nov. is described from a population growing in seasonal ponds of a mountain near the southern coast of the Black Sea in Bolu, Turkey. It is a robust, amphibious quillwort, characterized by semiterete, carnose microphylls, semicircular foliar section, smooth cuticle, prominent cuticular pegs, stomata, several collenchymatous strands, abundant pectic filaments and connections in the cells of the translacunar diaphragms, incurved alae, well developed ligula, small carnose labium, no velum, well-formed bulliform megaspores and obscurely muriform microspores. Plants were investigated anatomically and a description with additional diagnostic characters is included. Morphological affinities with other species of the genus are discussed. Intercellular pectic protuberances (IPP) were studied in the cells of the translacunar diaphragms of the microphylls of several species of Isoetes including I. anatolica. The IPP were examined to determine if they could provide diagnostic characters. They were detected with TBO and analysed using light and scanning electron microscopy. Types of IPP and species bearing them were as follows: warts in I. adspersa, I. andina, I. boliviensis, I. duriei, I. engelmannii, I. lechleri, I. longissima, I. melanopoda, I. storkii, I. velata subsp. velata, and I. velata subsp. asturicense; warts and filaments in I. brochonii, I. lacustris, and I. setacea, and connections in I. anatolica and I. malinverniana. IPP are lacking in I. boryana, I. echinospora, I. histrix and I. novogranadensis. Combination of type, density, and distribution of IPP promises to be a useful vegetative character in a genus in which diagnostic characters are scarce. 

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Abstract. Phylogenetic trees derived from nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences reveal several well-supported lineages within Isoëtes e.g., an Australasian clade, a southern Africa clade, and a clade containing species from Europe, northern Africa, and western North America. Caribbean species I. cubana and I. jamaicensis and Central American I. panamensis are in a more ancient "Gondwanan" clade that includes I. coromandelina from India. Isoëtes lechleri, I. novo-granadensis, and I. savatieri from South America and I. storkii from Central America form a clade of recently derived and rapidly radiated taxa that also includes most of the species from North America. Morphology, chromosome counts, and DNA sequences indicate that there are undescribed species and interspecific hybrids between the South American members of this clade. Study of Isoëtes collections from the paramos of Ecuador and Venezuela reveal populations of multiple taxa growing together with chromosome counts of 2n=22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 88, and 132, indicating a pattern of reticulate evolution similar to that found in North America. Plants with 2n=33, 55, and 66 produce irregularly formed spores typical of interspecific hybrids. Morphology and chromosome counts were used to construct hypothetical pedigrees of the Andean Isoëtes that will be further tested with ITS and LFY sequence data. Morphology and chromosome counts suggest that Isoëtes killipii, which appears to be an octoploid (2n=88), has crossed with an undescribed tetraploid species (2n=44) to form a hexaploid hybrid (2n=66) that subsequently doubled its chromosome number to form the dodecaploid, I. novo-granadensis (2n=132). Similarly, I. karstenii, a basic diploid (2n=22), has crossed with a tetraploid, possibly I. palmeri, to produce a triploid hybrid (2n=33) and with I. andina, an octoploid, to produce a pentaploid hybrid (2n=55). Morphology, chromosome counts, and DNA sequences provide clues to resolving a phylogeny in Isoëtes.

Taylor, W.C., N.T. Luebke & A.R. Lekschas, 2003. Taxonomic status and evolutionary relationship of Isoetes minima A.A. Eaton (Isoetaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences. Botanical Electronic News, No. 304, March 6, 2003.

Taylor, W.C., A.R. Lekschas, Qing-Feng Wang,  Liu Xing,  N.S. Napier & S.B. Hoot, 2004. Phylogenetic relationships of Isoëtes (Isoëtaceae) in China as revealed by nucleotide sequences of the nuclear ribosomal ITS Region and the second intron of a leafy homolog. American Fern Journal 94 (4): 196-205. Abstract: Isoëtes is an ancient lycopod lineage with a highly conserved morphology that provides few morphological characters to resolve the phylogeny of its species. Species appear to have evolved by divergence and allopolyploidy. The basic diploids I. hypsophila, I. taiwanensis, and I. yunguiensis and the tetraploid I. sinensis occur in China. Analysis of ITS sequences indicates that the Chinese Isoëtes species are part of an Australasian clade including I. brevicula from Western Australia and I. kirkii from New Zealand. Two distinct cloned sequences of the second intron of a leafy homolog were recovered from I. sinensis supporting the hypothesis that I. sinensis is an allotetraploid. One of the I. sinensis cloned sequences was similar to the I. taiwanensis sequence and the other cloned sequence was similar to the I. yunguiensis sequence identifying I. taiwanensis and I. yunguiensis as the likely parents of I. sinensis. Other cloned sequences recovered from I. sinensis were recombined parts of the two distinct sequences. Morphological evidence supporting an allotetraploid origin of I. sinensis is found in its larger microspore size and intermediate megaspore texture compared to I. taiwanensis, and I. yunguiensis.

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Uehara, Koichi, Siro Kurita, Norio Sahashi & Taichi Ohmoto, 1991. Ultrastructural study on microspore wall morphogenesis in Isoetes japonica (Isoetaceae).  American Journal of Botany, Vol. 78, No. 9: 1182-1190.

Umana G., 2001. Limnology of Botos Lake, a tropical crater lake in Costa Rica. Rev Biol Trop. 49 Suppl 2:1-10.

Underwood, L.M. 1888. The distribution of Isoetes. Bot. Gaz. Vol. 13, No. 4: 89-94.

Van De Genachte, E.E., 1996. Conservation genetics of the granite outcrop quillworts Isoetes melanospora and Isoetes tegetiformans. University of Georgia  (dissertation).

Vareschi, V. 1968. Isoetaceae in: T. Lasser (ed.), Helechos, Flora de Venezuela, vol. 1 (1).

Vasudeva, S.M. & S.S. Bir, 1993. Pteridophytic flora of Pachmarhi Hills, central India: 1. General account and families Psilotaceae - Isoetaceae. Indian Fern J. 9(1-2): 153-173 (1992 publ. 1993).

Vega, E., R. Caudales & A. Sanchez Pérez, 1997 New records of pteridophytes for Botswana. Amer. Fern J. 87 (4): 127-130 - Maps.

Verdcourt, B. 2005. Flora of Tropical East Africa. Isoetaceae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 8p. (1 sp. nov., illus., anat and morphology, keys).

Verma, S.C. 1961. Cytology of Isoetes coromandelina. Amer. Fern J. 51: 99-104.

Vines, S.H. On the systematic position of Isoetes. Ann. Bot. 2: 117-123.

Vöge, M., 1997a. Number of leaves per rosette and fertility characters of the quillwort Isoetes lacustris L. in 50 lakes of Europe: A field study. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 139 (3): 415-431.

Vöge, M., 1997b. Plant size and fertility of  Isoetes lacustris L. in 20 lakes of Scandinavia: A field study. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 139 (2): 171-185.

Voirin, B., M. Jay & M. Hauteville, 1975. Isoetine, nouvelle flavone isolée de Isoetes delilei et de Isoetes durieui. Phytochemistry, 14 (1):257-259.

Voirin, B. & M. Jay, 1978. Etude chimiosystématique des Lycopodiales, Isoetales, Selaginellales et Psilotales. Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 6: 99-102.

Wagai, S.O., G.K Srivastava & M. Srivastava, 1997. Soil in relation to distribution and growth performance of Isoetes dixitei Shende in the Western Ghats of India. Tropical Ecology 38 (2): 317-322.

Walker, T.G. 1979. The cytogenetics of ferns. Pp. 87-132, in: Dyer, A.F. (ed.). The experimental biology of ferns. London, Academic Press.

WANG, Jing-Yuan; Gituru Robert WAHITI; Qing-Feng WANG, 2005. Ecology and conservation of the endangered quillwort Isoetes sinensis in China.  Journal of Natural History, Volume 39, Number 48, 2005: 4069-4079.

WANG, Qing-Feng; Liu XING; W.Carl Taylor & Zao-Rong HE, 2002, Isoetes yunguiensis (Isoetaceae), a new basic diploid quillwort. Novon 12(4): 587-591 - illus., chromosome numbers, anatomy and morphology, palynology.

Wang W.; M. Tanurdzic, M. Luo; N. Sisneros; H.R. Kim; J.K. Weng; D. Kudrna; C.  Mueller ; K. Arumuganathan; J. Carlson; C. Chapple; C.  de Pamphilis;  D. Mandoli; J. Tomkins; R.A. Wing & J.A. Banks, 2005. Construction of a bacterial artificial chromosome library from the spikemoss Selaginella moellendorffii: a new resource for plant comparative genomics. BMC Plant Biol. 5 (1):10.

WANG, Ziqiang, 1991. Advances on the Permo-Triassic lycopods in North China. I. An Isoetes from the Mid-Triassic in northern Shaanxi Province. Palaeontographica Abt. B Vol. 222: 1-30, 10 pl., 11~fig. keywords: lycopods, Permian-Triassic; China; Isoetes; Shaanxi Province; Permian-Triassic.

WANG, Ziqiang & Lixin WANG, 1982. A new species of the lycopsid Pleuromeia from the early Triassic of Shanxi, China, and its ecology 1982. Palaeontology, 25 (1), 215-225.

Wanntorp, H.-B. 1970. The genus Isoetes in southwestern Africa. Svensk. Bot. Tidskr. 64 (2): 141-157.

Watanabe, M., M. Takamiya, T. Matsusaka & K. Ono, 1996a. Biosystematic studies on the genus Isoetes (Isoetaceae) in Japan: 3. Variability within qualitative and quantitative morphology of spores. J. Pl. Res. 109 (1095): 281-296 - illus. Maps, Chromosome numbers, Anatomy and morphology, palynology, reproductive biology, keys.

Watanabe, M., M. Takamiya, T. Matsusaka & K. Ono, 1996b. Isoetes in South West Africa. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 64: 141-167. 

Weber, U. 1922. Zur Anatomie und Systematik der Gattung Isoetes L. Hedwigia 63: 219-62.

Weber, U. 1934. Neue südamerikanische Isoetes-Arten. Ber. Deutsche Bot. Ges. 52: 121-125.

Welten, M. 1967. Ein Brachsenkraut, Isoetes setacea Lam., fossil im schweizerischen Mittelland. Bot. Jb. 86: 527-536. (= I. setacea Bosc ex Delile, non Lam.)

West, C. & H. Takeda, 1915. On Isoetes japonica. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., ser. 2, Bot. 8: 333-76.

Whatley, J.M. 1974. The behaviour of chloroplasts during cell division of Isoetes lacustris L. New Phytol. 73: 139-42.

Williams, S. 1943. On Isoetes australis S. Williams, a new species from western Australia. Part I. General morphology. Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh B62: 1-8.

Wilmanns, O. & H. Rasbach, 1973. Observations on the pteridophytes of São Miguel, Açores. Brit. Fern Gaz. 10: 315-329.

Wolff, H. 1945. Isoëtes lacustre L., eine neue Art für die Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz. Verh. schweiz. naturf. Ges. 125: 172-173.

XING, Liu; Y. WANG; Q.F. WANG & Y.H. GUO, 2002. (Chromosome numbers of the Chinese Isoetes and their taxonomical significance). Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 40: 351-356. (in Chinese with English abstract)- illus., chromosome numbers, keys.


XING, Liu; X.A. PANG & Q.F. WANG, 2003. Character and variation of chemical properties of the water in the natural habitats of three species of Isoetes in China. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica 27: 510-515.(in Chinese with English abstract)

XING, Liu; Robert Gituru WAHITI & Qing-Feng WANG, 2004. Distribution of basic diploid and polyploid species of Isoetes in East Asia. J. Biogeography 31 (8): 1239-1250. 

XING, Liu; Jing-Yuan WANG & Qing-Feng WANG, 2005. Current status and conservation strategies for Isoetes in China: a case study for the conservation of threatened aquatic plants. Oryx (2005), 39: 335-338 Cambridge University Press. [Abstract. There are four known species of Isoetes (Family Isoetaceae) from China: I. hypsophila, I. sinensis and I. yunguiensis on the mainland, and I. taiwanensis on Taiwan. In a 4-year study we documented the distribution and habitat characteristics of all four species and evaluated their conservation status using IUCN criteria. All four species are facing a high risk of extinction and should be categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Habitat degradation and loss, water pollution and eutrophication, competitive exclusion, and human disturbance are the main factors causing the decline and extirpation of Isoetes. Only I. taiwanensis is protected in situ in Yangmingshan National Park on Taiwan. None of the species or habitats of Isoetes on mainland China are presently protected, although all species have been designated by the government as State Key Protected Wild Plants. Our results suggest that conservation strategies should be implemented urgently, particularly on the mainland].

Yang, T.Y., S.H.T. Chiang & C.E. DeVol, 1975. Vascular elements in the corm Isoetes taiwanensis. Taiwania 20: 99-106.

Yi, Sun-Young & Masahiro Kato, 2001. Basal meristem and root development in Isoetes asiatica and Isoetes japonica. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 162: 1225-1235.

Yuasa, A. 1933. Studies in the cytology of Pteridophyta. IV. On the spermatozoids of Selaginella, Isoetes and Salvinia. Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 47: 697-709.

Zhang X.C. & L.B. Zhang. 2004. Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae. Tomus 6(3). Pteridophyta. Huperziaceae, Equisetaceae, Lycopodiaceae, Psilotaceae, Marrattiaceae, Isoetaceae, Cyatheaceae. Beijing: Science Press vii, 313 p. - illus.

Zhu, Shengchao, 2006. Community characteristics and interspecific association of the Songyang population of Isoetes sinensis. Biodiversity Science Vol.14, No.3: 258-264.

Zinda, D.R. 1966. A preliminary report on the comparative morphology of the shoot apex of Isoetes macrospora Dur. and some effects of experimentally applied indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellic acid. J. Minn. Acad. Sci. 33: 107-116. [Biol. Abstr. 48 (1967) No. 71642.]

 

§§§§§

Divisio  LYCOPODIOPHYTA D.H. Scott, Stud. Foss. Pl., ed. 2: 616, 617. 1909.
Common name: clubmosses, quillworts

 

Classis  ISOETOPSIDA J.H. Schaffn., 1910
common name: quillworts, spikemoss

  

Subclassis  ISOETIDAE Reveal, Phytologia 79: 70. 29 Apr 1996.

Order ISOETALES Engler; Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 7, 101 (1912). 1 extant genus, ca. 140 spp. [Isoeteae Barling; Ord. Nat. Plant., p. 16 (1830). Isoetariae Koidz, Acta Phytotax. & Geobot. 7: 11 (1938)]

 

Fossils:

Annalepis brevicystis

Annalepis zeilleri

Illustration: http://www.bioone.org/bioone/?request=display-figures&name=i0002-8444-091-03-0115-f07

Chaloneria cormosa

Isoetites Münster.

Isoetites phyllophila, Isoetites daharensis

Illustration: http://www.bioone.org/bioone/?request=display-figures&name=i0002-8444-091-03-0115-f07

Isoetites horridus (Dawson) Brown

Isoetites serratifolius Bose & Roy

Nathorstiana Richter, 1909.

Nathhorstiana arborea

Illustration: http://www.bio.ilstu.edu/armstrong/syllabi/222book/fig8-14.htm

Oxroadia gracilis Alvin, Oxroadia conforta R.M. Bateman

Paurodentron fraiponti

Pleuromeia sternbergii

Illustration: http://www.bio.ilstu.edu/armstrong/syllabi/222book/fig8-14.htm

Prostigmaria eggertiana

Subordo  ISOETINEAE Engl., Syllabus, ed. 2: 65. Mai 1898.

 

Familia  ISOETACEAE Rchb., Bot. Damen: 309. 1828.
Common name: quillworts  

Subfamilia  ISOETOIDEAE A. Gray, Bot. Text, ed. 5: 502. Jan-Sep 1858.

  

Tribus  ISOETEAE Duby,  Bot. Gall. 1: 543. 12-14 Apr 1828.

 

Genus  ISOETES  L. 1753, Sp. Pl.: 1100 [Calamaria Boehm., Defin. Gen. Pl. (Ludwig) Ed. Boehm. 500. 1760, nom. superfl. Cephalocentron Gennari, Comment. Soc. Crittogam. Ital. 1: 111, 1862. Type Cephaloceraton histrix (Bory) Gennari. Isoëtella Gennari, 1862, Comment. Soc. Crittogam. Ital., 1: 114I). Type I. duriaei, I. lacustris. Stylites Amstutz (1957). Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 44: 121-123].

 

Note. Lainz, M. 1984. Isoetes, palabra neutra en Latin, esdrujula. An. Jard. Bot. Madrid, 40 (2): 478. (However it has been latinized in the feminine by Linné, and this gender must be maintained as for Orchis).

 

LISTE OF ISOETES SPECIES

 

In the following list I have integrated the Isoetes part of the Checklist of World Ferns on CDROM by Michael Hassler (Germany) and Brian Swale (NZ). http://homepages.caverock.net.nz/~bj/fern/isoetes.htm Distribution data are mostly from Hassler & Swale's CD-rom with some precisions added, especially for South American species.

 

Abbreviations

a.s.l.: above sea level

AWP: Charles D. Stutzenberg, 1999. Aquatic and wetland plants of the western Gulf  Coast. Texas Parks and Wildlife.

C & K: Casper, S. Jost & Heinz-Dieter Krausch, 1981. Pteridophyta und Anthophyta, Band 24,  in H. Ettl, J. Gerloff & H. Heynig, Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, New York.

SWUS: Correll, Donovan S. & Helen B. Correll, 1975. Aquatic and wetland plants of southwestern United States. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif.

Names in bold type are accepted species or subspecies. Names in italics are synonyms.

 

 

***

Isoetes sp. Crete (Herb. Geneva) = prob. I. delilei

Isoetes sp. Sumatra. Flora Malesiana Bull. 1977, 30: 27-67. Nationaal  Herbarium Nederland (see Flenley & Morley, 1978).

Isoetes sp. Lebanon: Beka'a Valley (2n = 20) (Musselman on line).

Isoetes sp. 2n = 56 (58). Madagascar:  Ambibiroa: route 7, 23 km SW Ambalavao, 800 m east km milestone 23, 1.05.2004  (Herb. Desfayes > Geneva).

 

Isoetes abyssinica Chiovenda, 1933. Atti Soc. Nat. e Mat., Modena 64: 45-47, ill. - Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Eritrea. See note  sub  I.  welwitschii.

Isoetes acadiensis Kott, 1981. Canad. J. Bot. 59: 2592, 1981 [Isoetes tuckermanii subsp. acadiensis (Kott) Taylor & Luebke] - E Canada (E Newfoundland, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia), NE USA (Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, New York). Map Fl. N Amer.: 70.

Isoëtes adspersa A. Braun in Bory & Durieu,1849, Expl. Sci. Algérie, Atlas: tab. 37, fig. 3] = I. velata subsp. adspersa

Isoetes aequinoctialis Welw. ex A. Braun, 1867, Sitzungsber. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin [Calamaria aequinoctialis (Welw. ex A. Braun) Kuntze, Revisio Generum Plantarum 2: 828 (1891); Calamaria nigritiana (A. Braun) Kuntze, Revisio Generum Plantarum 2: 828 (1891) 1893; Isoetes aequinoctialis Welw., A. Br. in Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 195 (1868); Isoetes erongoensis Wanntorp, Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 64: 150, C 5, t. 2, 3 (1970); Isoetes garnieri Chevalier & Monnier, Bull. Mus, Nation. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 18(1): 91-979 1 fig (1946); Isoetes nigritiana A. Br. ex Kuhn, Filices Africanae 196 (1868)] - Ghana, Mali, Central African Republic, Niger, Nigeria, Zambia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Angola, Namibia, Swaziland, N Cape Prov. Ill. COOK, 2004: 33.

Isoetes alata (Pfeiffer) Small = I. flaccida

Isoetes alcalophila Halloy, 1980, Lilloa Rev. bot. 35 (2): 68-75 - Argentina: Tucumán: Laguna Muerta, 4260 m. Ill. microspores MUSSELMAN, 2002.

Isoetes algerica A. Braun, 1848 = I. velata

Isoetes alpina Kirk, Trans. N. Z. Inst. 7: 377, t. 25 (1875) [Calamaria alpina (Kirk) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 828 (1891); I. kirkii var. alpina; Isoetes multiangularis Col., Trans. N. Z. Inst. 22: 449 (1890)] - New Zealand (South Isl., North Isl.). See however LARGE & BRAGGINS, 1991: [spore studies] "do not support the existence of two taxa within New Zealand Isoetes (i.e., I. alpina and I. kirkii)". Megaspore variations within the two species overlap".

Isoetes alstonii Reed & Verdcourt, 1965 = I. schweinfurthii

Isoetes amazonica (A.Braun) Baker, 1880 (Calamaria amazonica Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 828. 1891, I. lacustris sensu Hooker, 1861, Brit. Ferns: 55, non L.) - Brazil: Pará: in vicinibus Santarém =  I. gardneriana

Isoetes amazonica A. Br. = I. gardneriana

Isoetes ambigua = I. setacea subsp. braunii

Isoetes amesii A.A.Eaton = I. riparia

Isoetes anatolica C. Prada & C.H. Rolleri, 2005 (Ill.). 2n = 44 – Turkey: Bolu, S of Abant Golu. Ill. BOLIN et al., 2008.

Isoetes andicola (Amstutz) L.D.Gómez, 1980. Brenesia 18: 4 [Stylites andicola Amstutz, 1957, Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 44 (1): 121; Isoetes andicola (Amstutz) H.P.Fuchs, Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C 84(2): 177 (1981); Isoetes andicola var. gemmifera (Rauh) L.D. Gómez, Brenesia 18: 4 (1980); Stylites gemmifera Rauh, Sitzungsber. Heidelberg Akad. Wiss. Math. Naturwiss. Kl. 1959: 11 (1959); cf. Reed, C.F. 1953, Bol. Soc. Broteriana 27: 5-72, 28: 5-61] - Andes: Perú: Depto. Lima, prov. Huarochiri supra Casapalca, near Laguna Caprichosa, 4750 m; Puno, Junín. Ill. Tryon, 1982: 831; Fieldiana Bot. 34: 90; MUSSELMAN, 2002 (microspores).

Isoetes andina Spruce ex Hook., British Ferns t. 55, 1861 [?Calamaria triquetra (A. Braun) Kuntze, Revisio Generum Plantarum 2: 828 (1893); Isoetes triquetra A. Br., Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 4: 332 (1862); ?Isoetes lechleri var. triquetra (A. Braun) L.D. Gómez, Brenesia 18: 5 (1980); Isoetes andina Spruce, Motel. & Vendr., Actes Soc. L. Bord. 36. 325 (1883)] - Venezuela: Mérida: Laguna de Mucubají, 3500 m; Colombia (Laguna de Chisaca, Macizo de Sumapaz), Ecuador, ?S Peru. Ill. Tryon, 1982: 831.

Isoetes appalachiana D.F. Brunton & D.M. Britton, 1997, Rhodora 99: 118-133.

Isoetes argentina Eaton, 1929 - Argentina = I. hieronymii

Isoetes arumiana Fuchs-Eckert, 1959, nom. nud. (Colombia: Cauca: Lagunilla de Las Casitas, 3700 m) = I. fuliginosa

Isoetes asiatica (Makino) Makino, 1914, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 28: 184 = I. setacea subsp. asiatica

Isoetes asturicensis Laínz, 1970, Bol. Inst. Estud. Astur. Supl. Ci. 15: 6, pro subsp. I. boryanae = I. velata subsp. velata

Isoetes atrovirens = I. lacustris

Isoetes attenuata C.R. Marsden & R.J. Chinnock, 1998, Fl. Australia 48: 704 - SE South Australia. Map Marsden, 1979: 334.

Isoetes aucacochensis Fuchs-Eckert, 1981, nom. nud. (Bionature 12: 110, 1992) - Ecuador: Tungurahana: Lake Aucacocha, 3720 m = ? I. ecuadoriensis

Isoetes australis S. Williams, 1943, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 62B(l). 1-8. 2n = 44 - SW Western Australia. Map Marsden, 1979: 334.

Isoetes azorica Dur. ex Milde, 1867, Fil. Eur., 278 [Calamaria azorica (Dur.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 828 (1891)] - Azores. Cf. Britton D.M. & D.F. Brunton, 1996. Spore morphology and cytology of Isoetes azorica and its affinity with North America. Fern Gazette 15 (4): 113-118 (ill.).

Isoetes baculata R.J. Hickey & H.P. Fuchs, 1986, Syst. Bot. 11(2): 310 - Colombia: Rio Vaupés; Brazil. Ill. Hickey, 1986: 311.

Isoëtes baetica Willk. in Willk. & Lange, 1861, Prodr. Fl. Hisp., 1: 14 Locus class.: In lacunulis limpidis montis Almoráima prope S. Roque = I. velata subsp. velata

Isoetes baptistae Fuchs-Eckert, 1979, nom. nud. (batistae = err.) - Brasil: Rio Grande do Sul: Rio Tainhas ?= I. brasiliensis

Isoetes beringensis = I. maritima

Isoetes biafrana Alston, 1956, Bol. Soc. Brot., ser. 2A, 30: 15 - Cameroon: Lake Oku, Fernando Po: Lago de Moka.

Isoetes bilaspurensis Panigrahi, 1981, Biol. Mems. 6 (2): 135 - India: Madhya Pradesh: Bilaspur = I. coromandelina

Isoetes bischlerae Fuchs-Eckert, 1982, Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C 85(1): 113, ill. Locus classicus: Colombia: Boyacá: Páramo de Las Cintas, 3500 m, arroyo, bajo el agua en corrente fuerte - Colombia 3200-358000 m.

Isoetes bolanderi Engelm., 1874, Amer. Nat. 8: 214 [Calamaria bolanderi (Engelm.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 828 (1891); Isoetes bolanderi var. parryi Engelm., American Naturalist 8: 214 (1874); Isoetes bolanderi var. sonnei L.F. Hend., Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 27(6): 358 (1900); Isoetes californica Engelm., A Manual of Botany of the Northern United States (ed. 5) 677 (1867); Isoetes parryi Engelm., Motel. & Vendr., Actes Soc. L. Bord. 36: 338 (1883). I. b. var. pygmaea (Engelm.) Clute, Fern Allies, 228, 258 (1905); Calamaria pygmaea (Engelm.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 828 (1891); Isoetes bolanderi forma pygmaea (Engelm.) Clute, Fern Bull. 16: 54 (1908); Isoetes pygmaea Engelm., Amer. Nat. 8: 214 (1874)] - W Canada (Alberta, British Columbia), W USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, Mexico; altitud. range 1300-3200 m. Map Fl. N Amer.: 73, ill.: 71; Muenscher: 342; SWUS 1: 4, Mason: 30.

Isoetes boliviensis Weber, 1922, Hedwigia 63: 247-248, fig. 14-15 (I. buchtienii Fuchs, 1960, nom. nud.; Isoetes cachukhotaensis Fuchs-Eckert, 1982, nom. nud.; ?= I. feuererii - Bol.: Camacho, 4100 m) - Andes of Peru and Bolivia (Oruro, La Paz: entre Escoma y Hualcapayo; Lago Juriguana near Anilaya, Sorata) 4100-5000 m. Ill.  microspores  MUSSELMAN, 2002.

Isoetes boomii Luebke, 1992, Amer. Fern J. 82: 23 (I. georgiana Luebke, 1992) - USA: Laurens County, Georgia. Ill. Fl. N Amer.: 71.

Isoetes boottii = I. setacea subsp. braunii

Isoetes borboremensis Fuchs, 1960, nom. nud. - Locus classicus: Brasil: Serra Borborema: Lagoa dos Patos = I. luetzelburgii

Isoetes boryana Durieu, 1861 = I. velata subsp. boryana 

Isoetes boryana frigida Gdgr., Fl. Eur. 27: 195 (1891) = I. velata

Isoetes boryana gredensis Gdgr., Fl. Eur. 27: 195 (1891) = I. velata

Isoetes boryana praetervisa = I. boryana

Isoetes boryana var. lereschii = I. velata subsp. velata

Isoetes boryana proles tenuissima (Boreau) Rouy, 1913, Fl. Fr., 14: 477 (comb. illeg.)

Isoetes boyacensis Fuchs-Eckert, 1982, Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C Proc. koninkl. nederl. Akad. Wetensch. C 85 (1): 107-109, ill. Locus classicus: Colombia: Santander: Páramo de Almozadero, 3900 m; Cundinamarca, Boyacá, Meta, Nariño. [Isoetes chilesensis Fuchs-Eckert, 1981, nom. nud.] - Colombia: Nariño, Chiles, 3800 m] ?= I. palmeri

Isoetes brachyglossa Braun and = I. coromandelina

Isoetes bradei Herter, 1949, Revista Sudamericana de Botánica 8: 19 (Isoetes gardneriana sensu A.C. Brade) - Brazil: São Paulo. Ill.  microspores  MUSSELMAN, 2002.

Isoetes brasiliensis H.P.Fuchs, 1986, in Reitz, Fl. ilustr. catarinense, Isoetáceas (1): 27, ill. (I. reitzii Fuchs-Eckert, 1979, I. filiformis, I. gonzagensis, ?= I baptistae) - Brazil: Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, São Leopoldo 10-30 m.s.m. Map FUCHS, 1986: 29, ill.: 23; ill.  microspores  MUSSELMAN, 2002.

Isoetes braunii Durieu = I. setacea subsp. braunii

Isoetes braunii U. Weber, 1922, nom. nud. Locus classicus: Brasil: Serra dos Orgãos, 2238 m (terrestrial, under overhanging rocks) = I. isabelloccensis = I. itatiaiae = I.  organensis

Isoetes brevicula E.R.L.Johnson, 1984, J. Roy. Soc. W. Australia 67(1): 34 - SW Western Australia. Map Marsden, 1979: 335.

Isoetes brittonii = I. englemannii x I. riparia

Isoetes brochonii Motelay, 1892, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 45: 45 [I. lacustris subsp. brochonii (Motelay) Douin in Bonnier, 1934, Fl. Compl. Fr., 12: 117]. Synonymized with I. lacustris by  R. Prelli & Chr. Bock, 1989, Bull. Soc. bot. France 136: 137-150, but shown to have echinate megaspores by BERTHET & LECOCK, 1977: 335, 357, 358; megaspores similar to those of I. x hickey, but chromosome counts "revealed I. brochonii to be dodecaploid (2n = 12x = 132), double the chromosome number of I. x hickeyi" (Taylor & Hickey, 1992: 620) - France, Spain (E Pyrénées).

Isoetes buchtienii Fuchs, 1960 - Bolivia: dpto. La Paz (nom. nud.) = I. boliviensis 

Isoetes butleri Engelm., 1878, Bot. Gaz. 3: 1 [Calamaria butleri (Engelm.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 828 (1891); Isoetes butleri forma immaculata (Engelm.) Clute, Fern Allies, 258 (1905); Isoetes butleri var. immaculata Engelm., Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci. 4: 388 (1882)] - SC USA: Oklahoma, Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, N Alabama, C Tennessee, N Illinois, C Texas, Georgia, Kentucky. Map Fl. N. Amer.: 73, Muenscher: 342. Ill. Fl. N Amer.: 71.

Isoetes cachukhotaensis Fuchs-Eckert, 1982, nom. nud. Locus classicus: Bolivia: La Paz: Laguna Cachu Khota, 4140 m =  I. boliviensis. See also Fuchs, 1992: 115.

Isoetes californica = I. bolanderi

Isoetes canadensis (Engelm.) A.A.Eaton ex Maxon = I. riparia

Isoetes capensis Duthie, 1929, Trans. R. Soc. S. Afr. 17: 330. 2n = 22 [Isoetes stephansenii Duthie, Trans. Roy. Soc. So. Afr. 17: 330 (1929), Isoetes capensis var. stephansenii (A.V. Duthie) Schelpe & N.C. Anthony, Bothalia 15(3-4): 555 (1985)] - S Afr.: W Cape Prov. Ill. COOK, 2004: 33.

Isoetes capillacea Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1846 (Oran, Algeria) = I. velata

Isoetes capmanni Engelm., 1883 = I. chapmannii = I. flaccida

Isoetes capsularis Roxb. = male plant of Vallisneria spiralis

Isoetes carchiensis Fuchs-Eckert, 1981, nom. nud. Locus classicus: Ecuador: Carchí, Páramo El Angel, 3450-3500 m.

Isoetes carltaylorii Musselman (Indian River, Canada) = Isoetes acadiensis x Isoetes engelmannii

Isoetes caroli E.R.L. Johnson, J. Roy. Soc. W. Australia 67(1): 34 (1984) - SW Western Australia. Map Marsden, 1979: 333.

Isoetes caroliniana (A.A. Eaton) Luebke, 1992, Amer. Fern J. 82: 26 - Eastern USA: North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia.

Isoetes castillonii Fuchs-Eckert, 1965, nom. nud. Locus class.: Argentina: Tucumán: Laguna de la Manza, 4200 m (= I. escondidensis)

Isoëtes chaboissaei Hy in Morot, 1894, J. Bot. 8: 97 (Brenne) = I. velata subsp. tenuissima

Isoetes chaetureti E.J. Mendes, 1961, Agron. Lusit. 23: 7 (Estremadura, Portugal) = I. histrix

Isoetes chapmanii Small ex Pfeiff. = I. flaccida

Isoetes chilensis Fuchs-Eckert, 1981, nom. nud.. Locus class.: Argentina: Rio Negro, 800 m - Chile: Coquimbo: Pichindangi, 1000 m, Nahuelbuta 1250 m = I. savatieri

Isoetes chilesensis Fuchs-Eckert, 1981, nom. nud. Locus class.: Colombia: Nariño, Chiles, 3800 m = I. boyacensis

Isoetes chubutiana Hickey, Macluf & Taylor, 2003 – C Chile, C Argentina. Ill.  microspores  MUSSELMAN, 2002.

Isoetes clavata Weber, 1934, Berichte Deut. Bot. Gesellsch. 52: 121 - British Guyana = I. ovata Pfeiffer, 1922 (I. goebelii Christ ined., non Weber, 1922) = prob. I. triangula

Isoetes cleefii Fuchs-Eckert, 1981, Proc. koninkl. nederl. Akad. Wetensch. 84 (2): 177-179, ill. Locus class.: Colombia: Cundinamarca: Páramo de Sumapaz: Laguna Gubernador, 3815 m. = I. palmeri, ?= I. boyacensis

Isoetes colombiana (T.C. Palmer) Fuchs-Eckert, 1981, Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C 84(2): 176, "pro var. I. lechleri" [Isoetes lechleri var. colombiana T.C. Palmer Amer. Fern Journ. 19: 18 (1929)] = I. karsteni var.

Isoetes coreana Y.H. Chung & H.K. Choi, 1986, Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 16(1): 2 - Korea I. japonica subsp. sinensis

Isoetes coromandelina L.f., 1781, Suppl. Pl. Syst. Veg. ed. II: 447 (coromandeliana) Indian subcontinent. Cf. Pant & Srivastava (1962), and Fraser-Jenkins (1997). Isoetes coromandelina subsp. coromandelina L. f., Suppl. Pl. Syst. Veg. ed. Il: 447 (1781) [Calamaria coromandelina (L. f.) Kuntze, Revisio Generum Plantarum 2: 828 (1891)-1893; Isoetes bilaspurensis Panigr., Biol. Mem. 6 (2): 135. f. 1-10 (1981), fide Fraser-Jenkins (1997); Isoetes brachyglossa A. Braun, Verh. Bot. ver. Brandenb 4 328 (1862), fide Fraser-Jenkins (1997); Isoetes coromandelina subsp. brachyglossa (A. Braun) Panigr., Biol. Mem. 6 (2): 131 (1981), fide Fraser-Jenkins (1997); Isoetes capsularis Griffith, Posth. Papers, Cryptog. Pl. 572-575, t. 116-118 (1849) (non Roxb.); Isoetes coromandelina var. raipurensis Unni, fide Fraser-Jenkins (1997); Isoetes dixitei Shende, Journ. Univ. Bombay 14: 50 (1945), fide Fraser-Jenkins (1997); Isoetes indica Pant & Srivastava, Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India 28 B (3) 246. t. XIV9 f. 16-259 t. XV f. 30-35 t. XIV f. 30-40 text-fig. 4 A-D, 5 A-H, 7 A-M, 12 (1962), fide Fraser-Jenkins (1997); Isoetes mahadevensis G.K. Srivasta, D.D. Pant & P.K. Shukla, Amer. Fern J. 83(4): 106 (1993), fide Fraser-Jenkins (1997); Isoetes mirzapurensis Panigr. & Dixit, Proc. Indian Sci. Congr. pt. III, Abstract, Botany 243 (1965), fide Fraser-Jenkins (1997); Isoetes panchananii Pant & Srivast., Proceedings of the National Institute of Science of India, Part B, Biological Sciences 28: 243, t. 13, 14, f. 1, 2 (1962), fide Fraser-Jenkins (1997); Isoetes panchganiensis G.K. Srivast., D.D.Pant & P.K. Shukla, Amer. Fern J. 83(4): 107 (1993), fide Fraser-Jenkins (1997); Isoetes panchganiensis var. kemangundiensis G.K. Srivast., D.D. Pant & P.K. Shukla, Amer. Fern J. 83(4): 114 (1993), fide Fraser-Jenkins (1997); Isoetes pantii Goswami & Arya, Journ. Indian Bot. Soc. 49: 30 (1970), fide Fraser-Jenkins (1997); Isoetes rajasthanensis Gena & Bhardwaja, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 81(1): 165 (1984), fide Fraser-Jenkins (1997); Isoetes reticulata Gena & Bhardwaja, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 81(1): 166 (1984), fide Fraser-Jenkins (1997); Isoetes sahyadrii Mahabale, Curr. Sci. 7 (2): 62. f. 1 (1938), fide Fraser-Jenkins (1997); Isoetes sampathkumarnii L. N. Rao, Curr. Sci. 13: 286. f. 1-3 (1944), fide Fraser-Jenkins (1997); Isoetes tuberculata Gena & Bhardwaja, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 81(1): 167 (1984), fide Fraser-Jenkins (1997); Isoetes semilocularis J.E. Smith, Rees, Cyclopaedia 19: 150 (1819); Isoetes unilocularis Smith] - India (Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal), Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. Isoetes coromandelina subsp. macrotuberculata C.R. Marsden, Contr. Herb. Austral. 24: 2 (1976) - N Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland. Map Marsden, 1979: 332.

Isoetes coromandelina subsp. brachyglossa = I. coromandelina fide Fraser-Jenkins, 1997.

Isoetes coromandelina var. raipurensis = I. coromandelina fide Fraser-Jenkins, 1997.

Isoetes costaricensis Fuchs-Eckert, 1980, nom. nud., pro syn. I. tryoniana. Locus class.: Costa Rica: